Corneal Diseases – A Detailed Overview for Patients

The cornea is a protective layer and helps in refracting light towards the lens and retina. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining clear vision. However, various corneal diseases can affect the cornea's health and function, leading to vision problems and discomfort. There are some common corneal diseases:

• Keratitis refers to inflammation of the cornea and can occur due to infections, allergies, or eye injuries. Common symptoms include redness, eye pain, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, excessive tearing, and a feeling of something in the eye. Treatment may involve antibiotic or antifungal eye drops, depending on the underlying cause. In severe cases, oral medications may be prescribed, and close monitoring is necessary to prevent complications such as corneal scarring.

• Corneal dystrophy refers to a group of genetic disorders that lead to the abnormal accumulation of materials in the cornea, affecting its clarity. Symptoms differ based on the specific type of dystrophy, but they may include blurry vision, glare sensitivity, pain, and occasional foreign body sensation. Treatment aims to manage the symptoms and may involve eye drops, contact lenses, or in severe cases, corneal transplantation to restore vision.

• Corneal ulcers are open sores on the cornea, typically caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Symptoms often include severe eye pain, redness, blurred vision, discharge, and increased sensitivity to light. Prompt medical attention is necessary to prevent serious complications, including corneal perforation. Treatment involves thorough cleaning of the eye, along with antibiotic or antifungal eye drops or ointments, depending on the cause.

• Fuchs' dystrophy affects the cells lining the cornea's inner layer, leading to fluid accumulation and corneal swelling. Symptoms include blurred or hazy vision, glare and halos around lights, eye discomfort, and difficulty seeing in dim light. Treatment initially involves managing symptoms with the use of eye drops and ointments. However, in advanced cases, when vision is significantly affected, a corneal transplant may be necessary to restore clear vision.

• A corneal abrasion refers to a scratch on the cornea's surface, commonly caused by trauma, foreign objects in the eye, or improper use of contact lenses. Symptoms include eye pain, redness, tearing, sensitivity to light, and blurry vision. Treatment often involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments to prevent infection and promote healing. Wearing a protective eye patch may be recommended to prevent further damage.

In Russia, the qualifications of specialists and well-equipped centers allow people to use advanced methods of treating such diseases. The availability of corneal transplant operations in Russia makes it an acceptable option for patients who require this solution. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution is well established as an institution providing access to advanced diagnostic tools and experienced ophthalmologists capable of effectively treating various corneal diseases in Russia.

Corneal diseases can significantly impact a person's quality of life and visual function. Seeking prompt medical attention and adhering to the recommended treatment plan is crucial for the best possible outcomes.